surgical implant titanium Titanium dioxide industry and coatings

Coatings industry will promote the 2011 increase production of titanium dioxide 

Titanium dioxide industry and coatings surgical implant titanium‍ industry is closely related to the upper and lower division. In 2009, the Chinese paint annual 7,554,000 t, where the amount of titanium dioxide up to 824,000 t, 10.4% of paint production. 

With the development of the coatings industry, the growth of high-grade paint, coating of titanium dioxide requirements will remain double-digit growth in 2010, China's consumption of titanium dioxide coatings industry will reach 950 000 t, 2011 annual demand will be over one million t , close to 1.1 million t. Although production of titanium dioxide at current growth rates speculated that 2011 production may reach 125-150 square him, but can not meet the demand for high-end quality paint industry rutile titanium dioxide, is expected to need to import 30-20 million t of rutile titanium dioxide to meet the medical titanium plate‍ needs of the Chinese coatings industry. China coatings industry as titanium dioxide industry has left a large space for development of high-grade titanium dioxide, titanium dioxide product structure change, development and production of high-grade titanium dioxide, to meet with automotive paint to represent the needs of the development of high-grade paint.

titanium axles Hot isostatic pressing is a titanium alloy tube creep

Titanium How hot isostatic processing techniques tube 

    Titanium tube hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is a newly grade 1 titanium sheet‍ developed powder metallurgy processing methods, has been widely used titanium alloy tube casting process, especially in aviation precision castings, titanium tube processing to improve internal casting metallurgical defects to improve the mechanical properties and stability of the casting. 

     Hot isostatic pressing is a titanium alloy tube creep, diffusion process. The treatment temperature is generally (0.6 and 0.9) Ts, where Ts is the absolute temperature of the alloy solidus value. Titanium alloy to be treated is higher than the working pressure in the pipe yield strength and high temperature creep strength of the alloy capable of plastic flow when processing, so that the porosity, porosity defects closed up by a titanium spring wire‍ process requires a longer time or 2h to complete. Typical titanium tube hot isostatic pressing process temperature, pressure force and the time of change.

medical titanium plate To select an electrolytic refining process of titanium

Research electrolytic refining titanium tube technology issues

    After studying the literature , we did not use a grade 1 titanium sheet‍ non- aqueous medium and low temperature electrolysis of aqueous medium titanium tube method . Studied only the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal chlorides and fluorides consisting of salt melt and dissolved titanium compound. We know that a titanium 600 elements 900 ℃, gas (oxygen , nitrogen ) having a high reactivity , these impurities affect the mechanical properties of titanium , taking into account the impurities in the electrochemical process of Basking melt transfer medium titanium tube into the possibility of precipitation on the cathode , so we set ourselves a task - to establish the cell , in this cell to be able to ensure reliable external impurities in inert atmosphere and eliminate the possibility of contaminated electrolyte . In principle the use of certain widely used in modern technology , we are and how long after the test after a long quest to design and manufacture a large-scale experimental device , it can solve the problem in the electrolysis of pure titanium used in the relevant type electrolyte melt . In this device all the technical rules to determine the main electrolytic titanium tube test . Only in individual cases , in order to identify some of the issues , and only then move to a small laboratory tests on the device .

    To select an electrolytic refining process of titanium , titanium titanium spring wire‍ various compounds tested . Electrolysis of titanium trichloride, titanium tetrachloride, titanium fluoride , potassium titanium dioxide.

    Titanium trichloride having a high solubility in an alkali metal chloride into the electrolyte body . When the melt lift trichloride concentration - the timing of the electrolysis ; electrolysis precipitated on the titanium metal cathode , and deposited on the anode chloride , titanium ingot out of the electrolytic cell, and chlorine is here and after a combination of hydrogen supplied to the anode chloride .

    Because when not to use high-temperature electrolysis hydrogen , so start looking for other low-cost manufacturing methods chloride in the melt. Has been determined, if introduced into the graphite tube along the current, while the steam through the grade 1 titanium wire‍ graphite tube feeding TiCli , the current can disintegration of titanium tetrachloride reduction .

grade 1 titanium rod The tube is filled with distilled water and vacuum means

Why study the reaction of titanium plates with steam

 Tests carried out in a vacuum apparatus with a quartz microbalance in the spring . Reading accuracy is 4 × 10 - sample surface g / cm . Mercury manometer measuring system connected to the reaction chamber using the pressure .

    Titanium iodide as a sample . Breaking titanium strip cold rolled to a rod 0.7 mm thick . Then cut the strip size is 9 × 25 mm sample . In order to eventually remove surface dirt , before the test sample with a finely sandpaper and etched in 7% HNO3 solution in HF .

    The tube is filled with distilled water and vacuum means connected to the plug and the device as a source of water vapor . In order to remove the dissolved grade 1 titanium sheet‍ water gasification will remain for some time in the water under the stars . Samples were heated to a predetermined temperature in a vacuum after the tube with water and the system is turned on, and set up the equilibrium vapor pressure corresponds to the temperature in the system . When the system is full , the system is filled with water and cut off the tube , and then tested in a closed volume .

    Under 800,850,900 and 950 ℃ and 14 mm Hg vapor pressure tested titanium plate and steam reaction .

    Kinetics of these tests indicate that , in the beginning stage of the reaction , the reaction with water vapor titanium plates subject to the parabolic law . After the reaction started after a certain period of time becomes linear parabolic law rule.

    In order to identify the effect of pressure on the reaction rate , once at 4 mm Hg pressure two experiments .

    Titanium plate during the reaction and steam , and any of metals, and also the reaction gas , is composed by a number of successive stages , in which the main are: 1 ) titanium spring wire‍ the gas molecules collide with the metal , 2 ) gas molecules adsorbed on the metal surface 3 ) the dissociation of the gas molecules , 4 ) through the surface of the film agent diffusion reaction product , 5 ) chemical reaction.

    The reaction rate depends on the speed of the pro stage . It was found that the reaction pressure is reduced because the rate of 5 /6 and steam manganese remains unchanged , so it should be acknowledged that the reaction speed depends on the diffusion of the reagents through the surface of the membrane , grade 1 titanium wire‍ since it is the only one speed stage and the gas pressure independent .

grade 1 titanium rod decrease is absolutely no problem

Besides the extensive use of new materials has become a common method of combat aircraft to lose weight . Weight loss in the application of new materials , the use of titanium and composite materials are becoming more mainstream . F-22 titanium and composite materials using the ratio has reached 66% , while the traditional steel and aluminum is less than 20 %. From the recent media reports , China in the development medical grade titanium‍ of aviation titanium is very fast. China's titanium research and development, its performance level , production technology, processes and standards currently have reached the world advanced level. In the processing of titanium, January 18, 2013 2012 annual meeting of the National Science and Technology Awards Conference, Professor Wang Huaming Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics presided over the " large complex plane forming an integral member titanium laser technology" First State Technological Invention Award Award. This means that China has become the country after the United States , the world's second master aircraft titanium alloy structural components rapid prototyping and laser technology . And our country is better than the United States has been able to produce laser forming titanium components, to become the world's only master laser forming titanium large main bearing components manufactured and put into practical country. China 's J- 15 if they can embody innovative design features to minimize the weight of the structure , while a large number of new applications aviation titanium and other materials on the materials, coupled with the country already have some basic composites, the empty weight of the F -15 to achieve the decrease is absolutely no problem.

Followed in the avionics field . With respect to the former Soviet Union , China 's electronics industry is rapidly catching up the world advanced level . On airborne fire control radar, China 's J-10 , J- 11 has been equipped with multi-function pulse Doppler radar , according to media reports more new F-10B fighter equipped with phased array radar. Since China on phased array radar transceiver components and VLSI technology has made ​​great progress , so the F- 15 airborne radar in terms of fully capable and " Super Hornet" in the same grade , and can even reach gusts M level. And in the past and have been complex and cumbersome Soviet fighter cockpit flight instruments compared to China's large fleet of three generations of fighters have installed a large number of multi-function displays, and even spend a color LCD display. In the CCTV program " Face to Face" , some users have found that the J-15 cockpit simulator there are at least three multi-function display . It should be said , the F -15 cockpit whole technical level , although not comparable with the F-35, but reached the level of M Super Hornet is no problem .

So now we have to judge the performance of the J-15 , "and the Russian Su-33 , the United States and other world serving the main carrier-based F/A-18 fighter comparable " is not mere propaganda but has real technical basis . But now a lot of point of view, the F -15 flying leaps slippery way , there are inherent deficiencies , limiting the J-15 multi-purpose aspects of sea attacks on the performance of the ground . Well, J-15 can not be converted into a catapult off?

Jet aircraft carrier aircraft flying leaps off the slide to eject the world seems to be no precedent . But that does not violate the basic laws of modern aircraft design . Generally considered to catapult off part of the landing gear strengthened, while flying leaps slip you do not need ; And both need to block cable landing approach , the structure of the body and therefore must be strengthened to cope with the huge impact landing brought . medical grade titanium alloy‍ It can be seen to be modified F- 15 catapult takeoff , it is necessary to increase the weight . After some calculations , now converted catapult takeoff F -15 to strengthen the landing gear may have to gain weight 300 kg . This strict control of the empty weight of the J-15 , it is not good news . But also with a view of the F- 15 converted into the catapult can also lose weight, because the original slide flying leaps in order to improve the performance and design of low-speed flight -lift devices, such as the F -15 canard , etc. , you can catapult takeoff under way canceled. Thus , compared to calculate the modified F -15 increasing weight can be controlled at 200 kg. And in the " face to face" program, many users found that the F -15 landing gear " very thick " , so some people do have to determine the J-15 loaded catapult take-off "program ." Catapult takeoff can further increase the F -15 fully loaded takeoff weight , thereby increasing the fuel load and the F -15 weapon mount capability, which has a very large significance for the F- 15 aircraft carrier battle groups to improve their performance .

Thus, " an airplane out of a series of development is certainly , then this series to a certain extent , there will almost certainly be the next generation of aircraft arrangements ." We should SUN Cong chief architect of the program, said these words , be depth thinking. Some people may think that the development of the J-15 ejection type of equipment requires China has an aircraft carrier catapult , it is definitely not happen overnight. So at this time, why the Chinese J-15 efforts, not as a direct development of a new generation of stealth aircraft carrier .

But in fact , the Air Force and Navy air combat styles are very different . titanium grade 1‍ Air Force Materiel fourth generation fighter is without a doubt the king . However, naval equipment , the development of fourth-generation stealth aircraft is even more complex, and the status of three generations of heavy machine also more than we thought it would be stable .

grade 1 titanium rod China laser forming of titanium alloy components than the U.S.

  Recent CCTV program " Face to Face" on the F -15 had an interview with the chief architect of Sun Cong , which disclose a lot of important information about the "Flying Shark" developed . Which CCTV reporters Cong Sun , also spoke in particular of the " next generation of aircraft should definitely have plans ." This makes the future of China 's military enthusiasts carrier aircraft and more full of expectation . medical grade titanium‍ But we are looking forward to the second generation of domestic aircraft carriers , while the J-15 may wish to present a more objective and comprehensive understanding. Chinese aircraft carriers in the process of development, the J-15 is by no means merely a platform to meet the initial landing of aircraft , more than those who were later replaced by the short-lived "third generation fighter " , but to be in a long-term process the main role of an offense and defense .

November 2012 , CCTV reported during the first carrier-based aircraft taking off and landing aircraft , the F -15 is so introduced : a successful landing on the Liaoning number of F- 15 fighter , is China 's first self- designed and developed carrier -based multirole fighter , with completely independent intellectual property rights , it has a combat radius , mobility, payload and more features ; according to different combat missions, carry multiple anti-ship missiles, air to air missiles, ground missiles and precision-guided bombs and other precision strike weapons , with full sea , the whole airspace strike capability. The performance of the J-15 , Su-33 with Russia , the United States and other world F/A-18 main carrier-based fighter comparable active , so as the ferocious powerful air "flying shark ."

SUN Cong in the CCTV program " Face to Face" is the definition of F -15 : J-15 is the first generation to produce air -based multi-role fighter of our country, should belong to the third-generation fighter , the difference is such a difference , it China 's aviation started quite late , but the starting point has the advantage .

To produce a space-based multi-role fighter , the J-15 is a qualitative judgment. In "Face to Face " program commentary revealed that the F -15 F -11 fighter is based on the development of our own production , the assembly has canard , folding wings , tail hook fitted with stern features , such as carrier-based aircraft , high gear strength. As we all know , J-11 is a twin-engine heavy " air superiority " fighter , so on the basis of its research and development of the F -15, in the fight for control of the air have certain advantages. Russia's Su-33 also reflects this feature , from the indicators, the Su-33 in addition to weight ratio on behind the Rafale M, while basic and F/A-18E and Rafale M flat in other areas, and the Soviet Union - the weight ratio to more than 33 Super Hornet , medical grade titanium alloy‍ so the air combat capability to more than F/A-18E.

But it is generally for the Su-33 combat performance is not good, because the Su-33 is the first empty weight too . Su-33 's empty weight reached 18.4 tons , more than the F/A-18E of 13.4 tons , is much larger than the "Rafale M" of 9.7 tons . This means that the Su-33 payload and fuel takeoff in carrying amount will be relatively limited, which limits the performance of the Su-33 in combat . Followed avionics relatively backward . Su-33 avionics basically behind the F/A-18E fighter 10-15 years. With the United States has a strong F/A-18E avionics base , which has better avionics and man-machine interface , which make up the gap with the Su-33 's flight performance alone . U.S. aircraft carrier battle group plus the warning means , the actual combat "Super Hornet" instead of pressing the Su-33 to play .

Therefore, it is very similar to the evaluation and control of the air performance of the J-15 Su-33 , but also to see whether it can solve these two major problems. The first is the weight loss. Modern fighter to lose weight, there are two ways nothing less . The first is to optimize the design , and the second is the use of new materials. Former Soviet Su-27 design fully embodies the idea of ​​weight loss . The use of more than 60% of aircraft aluminum , due to the widespread adoption of integrated structural system layout , the overall , integrated structure and layout , structural design partial rationalization to reduce the structural weight . The Sun Cong also mentioned in the CCTV interview : " weight loss is a very complex work , if at first you load the design, the structure of this design dexterity , the efficiency of the structure is in the selection, titanium grade 1‍ and so on. other to achieve reduction in weight of the final series . "

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alloy medical titanium Difference titanium, aluminum

Titanium and aluminum are essentially different , titanium grade 1‍ but sometimes they are just like some of the products , it is not difficult to identify them carefully observed , particularly titanium magnesium alloy doors and aluminum doors , details about the specific distinction below :

    1, the titanium added to the titanium- based alloy medical grade titanium‍ other alloying elements called titanium . Titanium has a low density , high strength , corrosion resistance , good process performance , etc., is an ideal aerospace engineering structural materials. Titanium and titanium alloy structure can be divided into heat titanium, titanium alloy , or α , β , and α + β type titanium alloy titanium alloy . Study also include forming technology of titanium alloys , powder metallurgy technology, rapid solidification technology , titanium military and civilian fields.

    2 , aluminum is aluminum made ​​by adding some alloying elements such as aluminum - manganese alloys, aluminum - copper alloys, aluminum - copper - magnesium-based hard alloy, Al - Zn - Mg - Cu based hard alloys. Aluminum has a better than aluminum physical and mechanical properties : easy processing , high durability , wide application , good decorative effect , rich color . Rust-proof aluminum into aluminum, hard aluminum , hard aluminum and other types of various types have their own range , and have their own code , in order for users to choose.

    3 , remains a lightweight aluminum features, medical grade titanium alloy‍ but significantly improved mechanical properties . Application of aluminum alloy has the following three aspects : First, as the force components ; Second, as doors, windows , pipes, covers, shells and other materials ; Third, as a decorative and insulating material . After the use of aluminum anodized characteristics can be colored , made of various decorations. Aluminum alloy sheet, the surface profile can be corrosion, ginning , painting, printing and other secondary processing to produce a variety of decorative plates, profiles, as a decorative material.