Heat treatment of titanium alloys are:
( 1 ) stress relief annealing : the aim is to eliminate or reduce the residual stress generated during processing . Prevent chemical erosion and reduce distortion in some corrosive environments .
( 2 ) complete annealing: the purpose is to obtain a good toughness , improved workability ,Xinnuo titanium axles and is conducive to further processing and to improve the dimensional stability of the organization .
( 3 ) solution treatment and aging : The purpose is to increase its strength , α β titanium and titanium alloys can not be stable strengthening heat treatment , carried out only in the production of annealing . Xinnuo medical titanium bars α + β titanium alloys , titanium and metastable β phase may contain small amounts of α by solution treatment and aging the alloy is further strengthened.
tupian
2014年1月14日星期二
Titanium plate filter widely degree
Titanium metal rods with special properties, including low density high strength , corrosion resistance, heat resistance, non-magnetic , non-toxic and good heat transfer performance , and therefore , titanium rods used in a wide range of different fields .
1 . Temperature
Titanium filter temperature up to 300 ° C, which is unmatched by other filters . This feature is widely used in high-temperature operating environment , and the filter polymer materials , its degree temperature difference , generally no more than 50 ° C, 50 ° C超过their support and there will be changes in membrane filtration precision large deviations . Even PTFE filter at above 120 ° C , external pressure 0.2MPa operating environment and long-term work also appears deformation and aging phenomena . The titanium rod filter can in this environment and long-term applications, the porous and non-occurrence of any change in appearance .
Widely used: filtration of hot liquids , steam filter ( filtering the fermentation process steam ) , the air filter or the like at room temperature .
2 good regeneration
Titanium rod filter has good regeneration , depending on its excellent corrosion resistance , high temperature performance and high strength properties, the reproducing process reproducing the physical methods and chemical regeneration methods in two ways:
Physical reproduction method : ( 1 ) water recoil ( 2 ) steam cleaning ( 3 ) Ultrasonic cleaning
Chemical treatment methods: ( 1 ) caustic ( 2 ) Pickling
The above processing method , the chemical treatment of the best methods of ultrasonic cleaning , the filtration efficiency is low attenuation , if the use or operation of the normal washing , the service life of up to two years , due to the excellent reproduction process titanium rod , the filter having the viscosity of the liquid has been widely used .
3 superior mechanical properties ( high strength )
Titanium rod filter with superior mechanical properties, external pressure 20Kg, internal pressure destructive 10Kg ( without joints experiment ) and therefore can be applied to large titanium rod pressure , rapid filtration process. Other polymer filter exceeds the external pressure 0.5MPa, the pore size may vary , even breakdown.
Applications: chemical manufacturing, pharmaceutical chemicals, compressed air filters , deep underwater gas distribution , gas distribution blistering coagulant .
4 corrosion
Titanium is an inert metal with excellent corrosion resistance of the titanium metal is titanium rod filter material , the filter can achieve a strong base , strong acid medium. It can be widely used in chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry , Production of organic plasmin filtration , due to the application of organic solvents such as : acetone , ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone , etc., if a filter with a polymer such as : PE, PP , etc. to filter cartridge , these organic solvents are easily dissolved , and the titanium rod in an organic solvent medium is quite stable , has been widely used .
5 titanium rod filter wide range of applications
( 1 ) Treatment
Superiority of titanium filter rods can make it widely used in the field of water treatment tittanium bars, ozone disinfection water treatment industry in the successful application , while the titanium rod driven applications , titanium rods oxidation resistance to violence in the ozone gas, ozone disinfection after a good water filtration applications .
High-strength titanium rod does not fall off, so Ro reverse osmosis water treatment industry, the security filter , electro-osmosis filtration security , security ultrafiltration system filters work well .
Titanium rod filter to replace the traditional mechanical filtration to achieve a small size, low cost, high efficiency , easy installation and regeneration.
( 2 ) Pharmaceutical Industry
With the implementation of pharmaceutical GMP , and titanium rods medicine infusion, a small injection, pharmaceutical intermediates widely used in filtering , currently 80% of the country 's injection, infusion manufacturers have applied .
In addition , non-toxic titanium and titanium rods with human tissue and blood has good compatibility, therefore , titanium , titanium, titanium rods and other materials are the medical community as an important material for human implantation titanium sheet.
1 . Temperature
Titanium filter temperature up to 300 ° C, which is unmatched by other filters . This feature is widely used in high-temperature operating environment , and the filter polymer materials , its degree temperature difference , generally no more than 50 ° C, 50 ° C超过their support and there will be changes in membrane filtration precision large deviations . Even PTFE filter at above 120 ° C , external pressure 0.2MPa operating environment and long-term work also appears deformation and aging phenomena . The titanium rod filter can in this environment and long-term applications, the porous and non-occurrence of any change in appearance .
Widely used: filtration of hot liquids , steam filter ( filtering the fermentation process steam ) , the air filter or the like at room temperature .
2 good regeneration
Titanium rod filter has good regeneration , depending on its excellent corrosion resistance , high temperature performance and high strength properties, the reproducing process reproducing the physical methods and chemical regeneration methods in two ways:
Physical reproduction method : ( 1 ) water recoil ( 2 ) steam cleaning ( 3 ) Ultrasonic cleaning
Chemical treatment methods: ( 1 ) caustic ( 2 ) Pickling
The above processing method , the chemical treatment of the best methods of ultrasonic cleaning , the filtration efficiency is low attenuation , if the use or operation of the normal washing , the service life of up to two years , due to the excellent reproduction process titanium rod , the filter having the viscosity of the liquid has been widely used .
3 superior mechanical properties ( high strength )
Titanium rod filter with superior mechanical properties, external pressure 20Kg, internal pressure destructive 10Kg ( without joints experiment ) and therefore can be applied to large titanium rod pressure , rapid filtration process. Other polymer filter exceeds the external pressure 0.5MPa, the pore size may vary , even breakdown.
Applications: chemical manufacturing, pharmaceutical chemicals, compressed air filters , deep underwater gas distribution , gas distribution blistering coagulant .
4 corrosion
Titanium is an inert metal with excellent corrosion resistance of the titanium metal is titanium rod filter material , the filter can achieve a strong base , strong acid medium. It can be widely used in chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry , Production of organic plasmin filtration , due to the application of organic solvents such as : acetone , ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone , etc., if a filter with a polymer such as : PE, PP , etc. to filter cartridge , these organic solvents are easily dissolved , and the titanium rod in an organic solvent medium is quite stable , has been widely used .
5 titanium rod filter wide range of applications
( 1 ) Treatment
Superiority of titanium filter rods can make it widely used in the field of water treatment tittanium bars, ozone disinfection water treatment industry in the successful application , while the titanium rod driven applications , titanium rods oxidation resistance to violence in the ozone gas, ozone disinfection after a good water filtration applications .
High-strength titanium rod does not fall off, so Ro reverse osmosis water treatment industry, the security filter , electro-osmosis filtration security , security ultrafiltration system filters work well .
Titanium rod filter to replace the traditional mechanical filtration to achieve a small size, low cost, high efficiency , easy installation and regeneration.
( 2 ) Pharmaceutical Industry
With the implementation of pharmaceutical GMP , and titanium rods medicine infusion, a small injection, pharmaceutical intermediates widely used in filtering , currently 80% of the country 's injection, infusion manufacturers have applied .
In addition , non-toxic titanium and titanium rods with human tissue and blood has good compatibility, therefore , titanium , titanium, titanium rods and other materials are the medical community as an important material for human implantation titanium sheet.
2013年12月30日星期一
Grinding treatment process titanium and titanium bar
Grinding treatment process titanium and titanium alloys are divided into : mechanical polishing , ultrasonic grinding, mechanical composite electrolytic polishing , grinding barrels .
A mechanical polishing : high chemical reactivity of titanium , low thermal conductivity, viscous , abrasive grinding machinery ratio is low, and easy to react abrasives , not for ordinary abrasive grinding and polishing of titanium , preferably good thermal conductivity superhard abrasives, such as diamond , cubic boron nitride , polishing line speed is generally 900 ~ 1800m/min appropriate, otherwise , the titanium surface grinding burns easily and micro- cracks .
Two ultrasonic grinding :titanium strip by ultrasonic vibrations , so that the surface to be polished and the abrasive grinding between the polished surface and the relative movement is to achieve grinding and polishing purposes. The advantage is that the polishing tool than the conventional rotary groove portion becomes easier to nest and narrow , but also a large grinding effect is not satisfactory castings .
3 Electrochemical Mechanical grinding : the use of conductive abrasive , electrolyte and a voltage is applied between the grinding and polishing the surface , the joint action by mechanical and electrochemical polishing , reducing the surface roughness to improve the surface gloss. The electrolyte was 0.9NaCl, voltage is 5V, speed 3000rpm/min, this method can only be grinding plane , polishing complex denture is still in the research stage.
4 barrels of grinding : the use of centrifugal barrel polishing generated revolution and rotation , so that the barrel of the denture and abrasive friction relative movement serve to reduce the surface roughness of the grinding purposes. Polishing automation, high efficiency, but can only reduce the surface roughness to improve the surface gloss medical titanium bars, poor precision grinding , deburring available denture fine and coarse grinding and before polishing .
A mechanical polishing : high chemical reactivity of titanium , low thermal conductivity, viscous , abrasive grinding machinery ratio is low, and easy to react abrasives , not for ordinary abrasive grinding and polishing of titanium , preferably good thermal conductivity superhard abrasives, such as diamond , cubic boron nitride , polishing line speed is generally 900 ~ 1800m/min appropriate, otherwise , the titanium surface grinding burns easily and micro- cracks .
Two ultrasonic grinding :titanium strip by ultrasonic vibrations , so that the surface to be polished and the abrasive grinding between the polished surface and the relative movement is to achieve grinding and polishing purposes. The advantage is that the polishing tool than the conventional rotary groove portion becomes easier to nest and narrow , but also a large grinding effect is not satisfactory castings .
3 Electrochemical Mechanical grinding : the use of conductive abrasive , electrolyte and a voltage is applied between the grinding and polishing the surface , the joint action by mechanical and electrochemical polishing , reducing the surface roughness to improve the surface gloss. The electrolyte was 0.9NaCl, voltage is 5V, speed 3000rpm/min, this method can only be grinding plane , polishing complex denture is still in the research stage.
4 barrels of grinding : the use of centrifugal barrel polishing generated revolution and rotation , so that the barrel of the denture and abrasive friction relative movement serve to reduce the surface roughness of the grinding purposes. Polishing automation, high efficiency, but can only reduce the surface roughness to improve the surface gloss medical titanium bars, poor precision grinding , deburring available denture fine and coarse grinding and before polishing .
2013年12月29日星期日
The role of aluminum and gallium in titanium bar and titanium alloys in
Aluminum and gallium are titanium with a titanium and β form substitutional solid solution, mainly from the solid solution strengthening effect . The standard rule of titanium , industrial pure titanium in addition , almost all contain a certain amount of aluminum.
A2 relative to control due to the occurrence embrittlement , aluminum and other elements considered with the precipitation of a2 , the concept of aluminum equivalent . In a titanium alloy ,tittanium bar the aluminum equivalent of the following relationship :
AL `= AL +1 / 3Sn +1 / 6Zr +10 O` ≤ 8
Wherein , AL ` aluminum equivalent , AL, Sn, Zr weight percentage of these elements are in the alloy . O ` elements affecting the gap , also called oxygen equivalent . Oxygen equivalent to :
O `= O + C +2 N
Where O, C and N are both of these elements in the weight percentage of titanium . When adding titanium silicon , aluminum equivalent should be:
AL `= AL +1 / 3Sn +1 / 6Zr +4 Si ≤ 8
In the practical application of these formulas have some effect.
In the heat treatable alloys β , in order to prevent the produce ω phase metastable β phase decomposition when caused by brittle , you need a certain amount of aluminum , usually around 3%.
Adding aluminum in titanium alloys can be formed by the middle of alloys with high melting point metal to prevent intolerable metallic inclusions , the ingot ingredients evenly.titanium pipe If 78% Mo Mo - aluminum master alloy melting point of molybdenum can be reduced to about 1900 ℃.
There are currently being developed to Ti3AL and TiAL new high-temperature titanium alloy as the base , but the actual industrial production from a certain distance .
A2 relative to control due to the occurrence embrittlement , aluminum and other elements considered with the precipitation of a2 , the concept of aluminum equivalent . In a titanium alloy ,tittanium bar the aluminum equivalent of the following relationship :
AL `= AL +1 / 3Sn +1 / 6Zr +10 O` ≤ 8
Wherein , AL ` aluminum equivalent , AL, Sn, Zr weight percentage of these elements are in the alloy . O ` elements affecting the gap , also called oxygen equivalent . Oxygen equivalent to :
O `= O + C +2 N
Where O, C and N are both of these elements in the weight percentage of titanium . When adding titanium silicon , aluminum equivalent should be:
AL `= AL +1 / 3Sn +1 / 6Zr +4 Si ≤ 8
In the practical application of these formulas have some effect.
In the heat treatable alloys β , in order to prevent the produce ω phase metastable β phase decomposition when caused by brittle , you need a certain amount of aluminum , usually around 3%.
Adding aluminum in titanium alloys can be formed by the middle of alloys with high melting point metal to prevent intolerable metallic inclusions , the ingot ingredients evenly.titanium pipe If 78% Mo Mo - aluminum master alloy melting point of molybdenum can be reduced to about 1900 ℃.
There are currently being developed to Ti3AL and TiAL new high-temperature titanium alloy as the base , but the actual industrial production from a certain distance .
2013年12月23日星期一
and the role of a β elements of titanium and titanium bar
Titanium is a very active metal element , and the effect of a number of elements which can occur, but can affect the properties of titanium and titanium alloys and titanium only those continuous or discontinuous elements of the solid solution is formed .
Role 1.β stabilizing element in titanium and titanium alloys in
β stabilizing elements include titanium located on the right side of the periodic table almost all transition elements and IB elements , about 30 species. The only real common dozen . Wherein the isomorphous β stabilizing elements molybdenum , vanadium, tantalum titanium stockists, niobium, eutectoid β stabilizing elements iron, chromium, manganese, copper , cobalt, nickel, tungsten, palladium and hydrogen. The unique role of hydrogen on titanium alloy will be described in relation to the impact of interstitial elements in titanium .
2.a role in stabilizing element in titanium and titanium alloys
The main elements of a stable aluminum , gallium , germanium, lanthanum , cerium, neodymium and oxygen , carbon, nitrogen, boron , etc. Titanium and titanium alloys in the industry 's most widely used is aluminum a stable element . Titanium aluminum can improve the tensile strength at room temperature and high temperature , high temperature has little effect on plasticity . Within the range of solubility , aluminum can effectively improve the elastic modulus of titanium , shear modulus,titanium sheet specific resistance and line expansion coefficient .
Role 1.β stabilizing element in titanium and titanium alloys in
β stabilizing elements include titanium located on the right side of the periodic table almost all transition elements and IB elements , about 30 species. The only real common dozen . Wherein the isomorphous β stabilizing elements molybdenum , vanadium, tantalum titanium stockists, niobium, eutectoid β stabilizing elements iron, chromium, manganese, copper , cobalt, nickel, tungsten, palladium and hydrogen. The unique role of hydrogen on titanium alloy will be described in relation to the impact of interstitial elements in titanium .
2.a role in stabilizing element in titanium and titanium alloys
The main elements of a stable aluminum , gallium , germanium, lanthanum , cerium, neodymium and oxygen , carbon, nitrogen, boron , etc. Titanium and titanium alloys in the industry 's most widely used is aluminum a stable element . Titanium aluminum can improve the tensile strength at room temperature and high temperature , high temperature has little effect on plasticity . Within the range of solubility , aluminum can effectively improve the elastic modulus of titanium , shear modulus,titanium sheet specific resistance and line expansion coefficient .
2013年12月18日星期三
Titanium bar products are resistant to corrosion characteristics
Titanium is a metal having a strong tendency to passivation , and oxidation in air or in a neutral aqueous solution can quickly generate a stable oxide layer of protective film , even if the film is destroyed for some reason , can be quickly restored automatically. Therefore, titanium has excellent corrosion resistance in oxidizing , neutral medium , made of titanium with titanium products also have strong corrosion resistance , widely used in the sealing surface material container equipment to address equipment sealing surface crevice corrosion problems.
Because of the great passivating titanium , in many cases, when in contact with dissimilar metals, corrosion is not accelerating , which may accelerate the corrosion of dissimilar metals .titanium standard parts When such a low concentration of non -oxidizing acids , if Pb, Sn, Cu or Ti alloy Monel galvanic contacts , the corrosion rate of these materials , and titanium is not affected. In the hydrochloric acid when contacted with a low Ti steel , the nascent hydrogen generated on the surface of titanium , titanium oxide film destruction , not only causes embrittlement of titanium , titanium and accelerate corrosion of titanium which may be due to a high degree of hydrogen active period.
Titanium iron content of certain media affect corrosion of iron in addition to the reasons for the increase in raw material reasons , often when soldering iron stain penetration weld , so that the local iron content increased weld , which when etching having a non-uniform properties. When using iron titanium support equipment, products made of iron and titanium contact surface iron contamination is almost inevitable in the region accelerated corrosion of iron contamination , especially in the presence of hydrogen . When the titanium oxide film surface contamination to mechanical damage , the infiltration of a metal hydroxide , based on the temperature , pressure, etc. , corresponding to the occurrence of hydrogen diffusion , which have different levels of the titanium embrittlement . Therefore, titanium and moderate temperature and moderate pressure hydrogen system used to avoid surface iron contamination.
In general , titanium pitting does not occur . Made of titanium products also has anti- corrosion fatigue stability.tittanium bar Crevice corrosion resistance of titanium is better, especially Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni and Ti-0.2Pd alloy , so Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni and Ti-0.2Pd widely used to make industrial products.
Because of the great passivating titanium , in many cases, when in contact with dissimilar metals, corrosion is not accelerating , which may accelerate the corrosion of dissimilar metals .titanium standard parts When such a low concentration of non -oxidizing acids , if Pb, Sn, Cu or Ti alloy Monel galvanic contacts , the corrosion rate of these materials , and titanium is not affected. In the hydrochloric acid when contacted with a low Ti steel , the nascent hydrogen generated on the surface of titanium , titanium oxide film destruction , not only causes embrittlement of titanium , titanium and accelerate corrosion of titanium which may be due to a high degree of hydrogen active period.
Titanium iron content of certain media affect corrosion of iron in addition to the reasons for the increase in raw material reasons , often when soldering iron stain penetration weld , so that the local iron content increased weld , which when etching having a non-uniform properties. When using iron titanium support equipment, products made of iron and titanium contact surface iron contamination is almost inevitable in the region accelerated corrosion of iron contamination , especially in the presence of hydrogen . When the titanium oxide film surface contamination to mechanical damage , the infiltration of a metal hydroxide , based on the temperature , pressure, etc. , corresponding to the occurrence of hydrogen diffusion , which have different levels of the titanium embrittlement . Therefore, titanium and moderate temperature and moderate pressure hydrogen system used to avoid surface iron contamination.
In general , titanium pitting does not occur . Made of titanium products also has anti- corrosion fatigue stability.tittanium bar Crevice corrosion resistance of titanium is better, especially Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni and Ti-0.2Pd alloy , so Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni and Ti-0.2Pd widely used to make industrial products.
2013年12月16日星期一
The role of hydrogen in the interstitial elements of titanium and titanium bar
Titanium and titanium alloys in the interstitial elements mainly of hydrogen , nitrogen , carbon, boron and hydrogen and silicon. Their impact on the titanium and titanium alloys have poor . Described herein will focus on the role of hydrogen, oxygen , nitrogen ,titanium whole
distributor carbon and boron.
The role of hydrogen in titanium and titanium alloys . In an industrial atmosphere , the maximum solid solubility of hydrogen in the β titanium is about 2.0% (49 atomic% ) . A titanium hydrogen of about 0.18% maximum solid (7.8 atomic% ) , in 319 ℃. This occurs at temperatures below the eutectoid transformation , its eutectoid point of approximately 1.62% ( 44% atom ) . β = a + γ
Eutectoid temperature of 281 ℃, hydrogen in the case of titanium the maximum solid solubility of a 0.13% (6.3 atomic% ) . γ phase is TiH2 compound having the face-centered cubic lattice , a = 4.44 Å . When the temperature dropped to a low 125 ℃, the solubility of hydrogen in a sharp decline titanium , about 0.001 to 0.0029% ( 0.05 to 0.14 atomic% ) . Should index, temperature and pressure in a hydrogen solubility in titanium and titanium- β by the solubility . Titanium and hydrogen interactions are reversible.
Hydrogen in titanium and titanium alloys in
Titanium and titanium alloys can cause hydrogen embrittlement various sources , causing low stress brittle fracture , therefore, can be used to prepare titanium and titanium alloy powder. Its approach is to titanium and titanium alloy materials ( such as chips , scrap , etc. ) in the 300 ~ 400 ℃ hydride embrittlement in a hydrogen atmosphere medical titanium plates, broken glass is made by milling the powder .
The role of hydrogen in titanium and titanium alloys . In an industrial atmosphere , the maximum solid solubility of hydrogen in the β titanium is about 2.0% (49 atomic% ) . A titanium hydrogen of about 0.18% maximum solid (7.8 atomic% ) , in 319 ℃. This occurs at temperatures below the eutectoid transformation , its eutectoid point of approximately 1.62% ( 44% atom ) . β = a + γ
Eutectoid temperature of 281 ℃, hydrogen in the case of titanium the maximum solid solubility of a 0.13% (6.3 atomic% ) . γ phase is TiH2 compound having the face-centered cubic lattice , a = 4.44 Å . When the temperature dropped to a low 125 ℃, the solubility of hydrogen in a sharp decline titanium , about 0.001 to 0.0029% ( 0.05 to 0.14 atomic% ) . Should index, temperature and pressure in a hydrogen solubility in titanium and titanium- β by the solubility . Titanium and hydrogen interactions are reversible.
Hydrogen in titanium and titanium alloys in
Titanium and titanium alloys can cause hydrogen embrittlement various sources , causing low stress brittle fracture , therefore, can be used to prepare titanium and titanium alloy powder. Its approach is to titanium and titanium alloy materials ( such as chips , scrap , etc. ) in the 300 ~ 400 ℃ hydride embrittlement in a hydrogen atmosphere medical titanium plates, broken glass is made by milling the powder .
2013年12月13日星期五
Changes in titanium standard and titanium alloy on aging
Titanium and titanium alloy produced in the rapid cooling of the metastable phase during aging are balanced organization would like to change. The main phase transition phase metastable decomposition of β, tempered martensite, a supersaturated phase decomposition.medical titanium
plates The transition process as well as the combination of aging and deformation of titanium and titanium alloy is heat strengthened basis.
Eutectoid transformation of titanium and only the fast formation of eutectic β stabilizing element in the system, it may occur under certain conditions. Such as Ti-Cu binary alloy components Hypoeutectoid appeared very small pearlite lamellar structure at a cooling rate of 100 ℃ / sec. When this alloy isothermal treatment at a temperature below the pearlite formation can also occur non-lamellar body of Bessie. In general, this analysis of the changes in the organization of the alloy ductility decreases.
There is a martensitic transformation in titanium, the applied stress and strain will promote these phase transition process. Experiments show that, in a certain β stabilizing element content of metastable β phase exists strain (or stress) caused changes. But the strain transformation products remains controversial, some people believe that the six-party martensite a `, some people think, but is a combination of mechanical twins.tittanium bar It was also reported that the Ti-Mo alloy and Ti-V strain orthorhombic martensite product is a ", and to facilitate this process the aluminum Anyway, strain to improve the uniform elongation of the material and increase the anti- tensile strength and the ratio between the yield strength.
Eutectoid transformation of titanium and only the fast formation of eutectic β stabilizing element in the system, it may occur under certain conditions. Such as Ti-Cu binary alloy components Hypoeutectoid appeared very small pearlite lamellar structure at a cooling rate of 100 ℃ / sec. When this alloy isothermal treatment at a temperature below the pearlite formation can also occur non-lamellar body of Bessie. In general, this analysis of the changes in the organization of the alloy ductility decreases.
There is a martensitic transformation in titanium, the applied stress and strain will promote these phase transition process. Experiments show that, in a certain β stabilizing element content of metastable β phase exists strain (or stress) caused changes. But the strain transformation products remains controversial, some people believe that the six-party martensite a `, some people think, but is a combination of mechanical twins.tittanium bar It was also reported that the Ti-Mo alloy and Ti-V strain orthorhombic martensite product is a ", and to facilitate this process the aluminum Anyway, strain to improve the uniform elongation of the material and increase the anti- tensile strength and the ratio between the yield strength.
2013年12月7日星期六
Select the aging process titanium bar and titanium alloys
The purpose of titanium and titanium alloy aging treatment is to promote the metastable phase resulting solution treated a certain way decompose , causing strengthened. In general, this process can be described by a "C" type " time - - temperature changes" curve represents the relationship out .titanium axle Shape "C" shaped curve changes depending on the alloy composition . A heat-treatable alloys and a β β stabilizing element content of more binary alloy "C" shaped curve .
Determining an alloy aging process is generally based on age-hardening curve. It describes the different aging temperature , aging time and the relationship between the mechanical properties of the alloy . Mechanical properties of tensile properties at room temperature can also be used hardness or other properties. Select the aging temperature and time should be to get the best overall performance prevail , generally , a + β alloy aging temperature is about 500 ~ 600 ℃, time of 4 to 12 hours ; low alloy can be heat-treated β aging temperature , time long , approximately 450 ~ 500 ℃, 8 ~ 24 hours. Cooling air cooling are used .
In order to control the size of the precipitated phase , morphology and number , but also some multi -stage alloy aging . If TB1 alloy at 450 ℃, time 35 hours after once 560 ℃, 15 minutes time , a time when so produced a fine dispersed phase concentration, improved ductility after aging .
Requires the use of titanium for temperatures better thermal stability , often used in the above aging temperature .titanium wire Some of titanium in order to obtain good toughness and shear performance, but also the use of high temperature aging . This limitation is sometimes called stabilization treatment .
It should be noted , cold and low temperature pre-aging before aging are greatly accelerated the rate of decomposition of metastable β -phase , and to a relative dispersion enhancement . In some special conditions of use, can be heat treated to improve the tensile strength and elastic modulus β titanium alloy by cold deformation after aging treatment .
Determining an alloy aging process is generally based on age-hardening curve. It describes the different aging temperature , aging time and the relationship between the mechanical properties of the alloy . Mechanical properties of tensile properties at room temperature can also be used hardness or other properties. Select the aging temperature and time should be to get the best overall performance prevail , generally , a + β alloy aging temperature is about 500 ~ 600 ℃, time of 4 to 12 hours ; low alloy can be heat-treated β aging temperature , time long , approximately 450 ~ 500 ℃, 8 ~ 24 hours. Cooling air cooling are used .
In order to control the size of the precipitated phase , morphology and number , but also some multi -stage alloy aging . If TB1 alloy at 450 ℃, time 35 hours after once 560 ℃, 15 minutes time , a time when so produced a fine dispersed phase concentration, improved ductility after aging .
Requires the use of titanium for temperatures better thermal stability , often used in the above aging temperature .titanium wire Some of titanium in order to obtain good toughness and shear performance, but also the use of high temperature aging . This limitation is sometimes called stabilization treatment .
It should be noted , cold and low temperature pre-aging before aging are greatly accelerated the rate of decomposition of metastable β -phase , and to a relative dispersion enhancement . In some special conditions of use, can be heat treated to improve the tensile strength and elastic modulus β titanium alloy by cold deformation after aging treatment .
2013年12月5日星期四
Heat treatment equipment and precautions titanium plate
On the principle of titanium and titanium alloy heating equipment , iron and steel used in heating oil furnace , induction furnace , gas furnace, electric furnace ( including carbon silicon rods, resistance wire heating chamber furnace , pit furnace ) , electric heating and oil heating the roller furnace and bath heaters , etc. can be heated titanium and titanium alloys . Required to maintain a neutral atmosphere in the furnace or in a weakly oxidizing atmosphere heating . Never allow the use of hydrogen is heated , try to avoid using a reducing atmosphere to prevent hydrogen absorption . When using direct injection of fuel heating to prevent the flame surface to prevent excessive oxidation or by carbon. When heat treated plate and bottom plate are separated to use , generally before heat treatment, heating , cleaning up the furnace must be strictly other metal oxide , the surface should not have oil and water.
In order to minimize the impact of the atmosphere , can be vacuum annealing furnace , vacuum hardening furnace . Require high vacuum degree of negative fourth power mmHg 1 * 10 can also be heated in a variety of inert gas in the furnace .surgical implant titanium But requires inert gas purity higher than 99.99%.
Titanium and titanium alloys after heat treatment of cooling air-cooled and water-cooled primarily and in some cases also used oil cooling, furnace cooling or air cooling .
Titanium and titanium alloys in a + β / β phase transition point is important to determine the basic parameters of the heat treatment process . Due to differences in the raw materials and the processing history , the chemical composition of titanium alloy , in particular the content of the different elements in the gap , a titanium between each batch + β / β transformation point is different . In practice, we found that the heat treatment , the heat treatment can enhance the number a + β and β titanium alloy, since the fluctuations in disguise point , when a heat treatment at a specified time and temperature , often different in different batches of titanium the microstructure and mechanical properties. Therefore, we recommend that each batch of titanium are to be measured a + β / β phase transition point , and accordingly within the recommended range of heat treatment process to select a specific process parameters.
Of titanium and titanium alloys - Determination of the phase transition point has metallographic , X-ray diffraction , high-temperature metallurgical method, resistance method , expansion method and computer law. Metallographic method used widely , but a long period , the impact of many factors . Expansion method and resistance method is relatively quick determination titanium rod. Calculation method is based on the effects of various elements on the titanium phase transition temperature to calculate the phase transition point . According to the average nominal composition of impurities always produce titanium and titanium alloy ingots and titanium calculated a + β β phase transition point and the measured value / is quite close .
In order to minimize the impact of the atmosphere , can be vacuum annealing furnace , vacuum hardening furnace . Require high vacuum degree of negative fourth power mmHg 1 * 10 can also be heated in a variety of inert gas in the furnace .surgical implant titanium But requires inert gas purity higher than 99.99%.
Titanium and titanium alloys after heat treatment of cooling air-cooled and water-cooled primarily and in some cases also used oil cooling, furnace cooling or air cooling .
Titanium and titanium alloys in a + β / β phase transition point is important to determine the basic parameters of the heat treatment process . Due to differences in the raw materials and the processing history , the chemical composition of titanium alloy , in particular the content of the different elements in the gap , a titanium between each batch + β / β transformation point is different . In practice, we found that the heat treatment , the heat treatment can enhance the number a + β and β titanium alloy, since the fluctuations in disguise point , when a heat treatment at a specified time and temperature , often different in different batches of titanium the microstructure and mechanical properties. Therefore, we recommend that each batch of titanium are to be measured a + β / β phase transition point , and accordingly within the recommended range of heat treatment process to select a specific process parameters.
Of titanium and titanium alloys - Determination of the phase transition point has metallographic , X-ray diffraction , high-temperature metallurgical method, resistance method , expansion method and computer law. Metallographic method used widely , but a long period , the impact of many factors . Expansion method and resistance method is relatively quick determination titanium rod. Calculation method is based on the effects of various elements on the titanium phase transition temperature to calculate the phase transition point . According to the average nominal composition of impurities always produce titanium and titanium alloy ingots and titanium calculated a + β β phase transition point and the measured value / is quite close .
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